Cultivating Life: Growing Food Sustainably

the book cover

a photo of the author, Tom Grimshaw

by Tom Grimshaw


The genus of this book was the observation that, by many indicators, our civilisation is not trending upward, but downward. If this trajectory continues, we may face increasingly difficult conditions in the years ahead.

Considering a worst-case scenario, I realised I did not possess the practical skills that many of my forebears had. I would not know how to reliably grow food to sustain myself—what to grow from seed versus cuttings, what to plant and when, how to correct soil deficiencies, which crops grow well together, how to manage pests and diseases, or how to preserve food and save seed for future seasons.

The principal purpose of this book is to provide a single, reliable source of knowledge for someone with little to no experience (myself included), enabling them to grow enough food to survive in a situation where access to external resources—such as the internet or gardening suppliers—is no longer available. In such circumstances, a practical manual like this could prove invaluable.

The secondary purpose is to serve as a comprehensive and accessible reference for beginner gardeners, helping them plan and successfully grow food in whatever space they have available.

My elder daughter argues that the book is most likely superfluous, that everyone her age and younger would just go on line with any question they have and ask Google or an AI tool and get the answer back in milliseconds. And there is plenty of truth in that viewpoint.

But that only holds while we still have access to the internet.

And having spent hundreds of hours compiling the data in the book I venture to suggest that the time it would take you to do that is probably worth more to you than the cost of purchasing this book.

Caveat: There is probably not a gardener alive who would not be able to add to this work with workable, practical data that would improve results. If you have some data you think should be included, I would love to hear from you!

There was a time when the kitchen garden was not optional. It was not decorative, and it certainly was not a weekend hobby. It was how families fed themselves. It represented a direct relationship between people and their food.

The kitchen garden is the most practical entry point into food independence. You do not need hundreds of acres to start with, you need some space, some dirt, access to sun and water, a few minutes or more each day and a willingness to learn.

The problem today is not that we cannot do this. It is that most people no longer know where to start. The good news is that the fundamentals are straightforward.

The fundamentals is where I start with the first of these 3 books. The first 100 pages give you clear, simple data and starting steps to get you up and running (and winning). I cover the basics - what to plant when charts, what plants need how much light, how to create or refurbish soil and in what soil each does best.

Then I take it up a notch, going over more advanced options in detail, advanced soil information, saving your spoils etc. (another nearly 200 pages)

Book 2 lists 127 food crops and what you need to know to maximise your success with them. (500+ pages)

Book 3 lists 575 antagonists (animals, insects, fungi, viruses) that compete with you for your crop. How to recognise them, how to minimise the chances of being affected by them and how to remedy them when they appear. (884 pages)

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Copyright© 2026 by Tom Grimshaw - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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Table of Contents


BOOK I – FROM BASICS TO ADVANCED DATA AND APPLICATIONS


The Purpose Of This Book
Make It Easy For Yourself

Section I – Emergency/Survival Data & Actions
Survival Crops
Calorie Yield Per Square Metre (Survival Priority)
Emergency Garden Plan – Your First Ninety Days
Common Crop Failures and What To Do Immediately
Minimal Tools and Inputs for Survival Gardening
Water: Finding, Storing, and Using It Efficiently
How To Capture Rainfall
Seed Bank

Section II – Getting Started In Normal Circumstances - The Primer
Fast Start Guide
The Beginner’s First Garden Bed
Pollinators – Keep Their Food Supply
Geographic Locales
Growing in Restricted Sunlight
Easy Starting- Mistake Tolerant Plants To Start With
Watering
Increasing Your Yield In Your Present Space
Nine Crops You Can Grow in Buckets All Year Round!
Healthy Soil Grows Nutritious Food
Creating Soil
Revitalising Soil
Soil Mix Print Page
Crop Rotation and Sequencing
Nutrient Requirements - Herbs
Nutrient Requirements - Veggies
How Much To Plant?
When To Plant
How Much To Plant When – January to June
How Much To Plant When – July to December
Where To Plant
Planting Dimensions Quick Reference
Companion Planting
Sun Exposure
Sun Requirements – Herbs
Sun Requirements – Vegetables
What To Plant In
Better Planting

Section III – Taking It Up A Notch
What To Plant?
Above Ground Greenhouses
How to Build a Geothermal Subterranean Greenhouse
Sacrificial Crop
Ground Covers
Biodynamic Agriculture
The Seven Principles Of Biodynamic Farming
Closed-Loop Gardening
Gardening Sanitation
Electro-Horticulture
Electrical Conductivity
How to Save Seeds (Step-by-Step by Crop Type)
Reducing Transplant Trauma
Pruning
Bee Keeping

Section IV – Soil
Indicators of Dead Soil
Soil Health
Sources of Soil Contamination
Soil Biology
Soil Structure
Soil Type Tests
Soil Nutrients
Soil Nature by Weeds
Radish Soil Test
One Look Plant Health Evaluation
Post-Apocalypse Soil Testing
Fertilizer
Composting
Bokashi
Lasagne Composting
Trench Composting
Worm Tower
Non-Compost Fertilising
Creating A Fertiliser For Citrus Trees
Cover Cropping
Mulching
Mulch or Ground Cover? Which Is Best For Which Crop?
Roller-Crimper
Soil Allies
Soil Prepping
Weed Suppression and Garden Bed Foundation
Tilling versus No Till
Hugelkultur
Keyhole Garden Bed
Raised Garden Beds
Core Raised Garden Beds
Soil Solarization

Section V – Minerals
Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus
Calcium
Magnesium
Sulphur
Boron
Chlorine
Copper
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Nickel
Zinc

Section VI – Keeping Your Spoils
Keeping Stored Food Fresh
Canning and Preserving
Drying
Freezing
Pickling
Root Cellar

BOOK II - PLANTS

Section I – Plant Classification
Plant Groupings

Section II – Plant Specific Data
Cuttings
Almonds
Aloe Vera
Amaranth
Apples
Apricots
Artichokes
Asparagus
Avocados
Bacopa
Bananas
Barley
Basil
Beans (Broad)
Beans String
Beetroot
Blueberries
Bok Choy (Pak Choi)
Borlotti Beans
Brazil Nuts
Broccoli
Brussels Sprouts
Butternut Pumpkins
Cabbage
Calendula
Capsicum (Bell Peppers)
Carrots
Cashews
Cauliflower
Celery
Cherries
Chia
Chives
Chufa
Clementines
Collard Greens
Comfrey
Coriander (Cilantro)
Corn
Cranberries
Cucumber
Dates
Dill
Eggplant
Fennel
Figs
Garlic
Ginger
Gotu Kola
Grapefruit
Grapes
Hazelnuts
Herb Robert
Horseradish
Jerusalem Artichokes
Kale
Kiwifruit
Kohlrabi
Leeks
Lemongrass
Lemons
Lettuce
Limes
Lingonberries
Loganberries
Lucerne (Alfalfa)
Lychees
Lupin
Macadamia Nuts
Mandarins
Mangoes
Marigolds
Mint
Mushrooms
Nasturtiums
Navy Beans
Nectarines
Neem
Oats
Olives
Onions
Oranges
Oregano
Papaya/Paw Paw
Passionfruit
Parsley
Peaches
Peanuts
Pears
Peas (Green)
Pecans
Pineapples
Pine Nuts
Pistachios
Plums
Pomegranates
Potatoes
Pumpkins
Quinces
Radishes
Raspberries
Red Kidney Beans
Rhubarb
Rice
Rocket (Arugula)
Rockmelons (Cantaloupes)
Rosemary
Rutabaga (Swede)
Sage
Scallion or Green Onions
Shallots
Silverbeet (Swiss Chard)
Snow Peas
Sorghum
Spinach
Strawberries
Sunflowers
Sweet Potatoes
Tangelo
Tangerines
Thyme
Tomatoes
Turnip
Turmeric
Walnuts
Watermelon
Wheat
Zucchini

BOOK III – ANTAGONISTS (PESTS AND PATHOGENS)

Section I – Know Your Adversaries
Fast First Look
Almond Twig Beetle
Aloe Gall Midge
Aloe Leaf Curl Virus
Aloe Mite
Aloe Rust
Aloe Yellowing Virus
Alternaria Brown Rot
Alternaria Brown Spot
Alternaria Fruit Rot
Alternaria Leaf Blight
Aloe Yellowing Virus
Alternaria Brown Rot
Alternaria Brown Spot
Alternaria Fruit Rot
Alternaria Leaf Blight
Alternaria Leaf Spot
Angular Leaf Spot
Anthracnose
Aphids
Apical Chlorosis
Apple Fruit Fly
Apple Fruit Rot
Apple Leaf Miner
Apple Leafhopper
Apple Maggot Fly
Apple Mealybug
Apple Rust Disease
Apple Scab
Apple Sucker
Apple Tree Borer
Armillaria Root Rot
Armoured Scale Insects
Armyworms
Artichoke Black Spot
Artichoke Bud Weevil
Artichoke Head Rot
Artichoke Mosaic Virus
Artichoke Plume Moth
Ascochyta Leaf Spot
Asparagus Aphid
Asparagus Beetle
Asparagus Miner
Asparagus Rust
Asparagus Virus
Asparagus Wilt
Aster Yellows Phytoplasma
Avocado Anthracnose
Avocado Bacterial Canker
Avocado Brown Mite
Avocado Bud Mite
Avocado Fruit Rot
Avocado Lace Bug
Avocado Leaf Spot Diseases
Avocado Leafroller
Avocado Red Mite
Avocado Root Rot
Avocado Scab
Avocado Seed Weevil
Avocado Stem Canker
Avocado Thrips
Avocado Whitefly
Bacteria
Bacterial Blight
Bacterial Canker
Bacterial Fruit Blotch
Bacterial Fruit Rot
Bacterial Leaf Blight
Bacterial Leaf Spot
Bacterial Soft Rot
Bacterial Spot
Bacterial Wilt
Banana Aphid
Banana Bunchy Top Virus
Banana Mosaic Virus
Banana Rust Thrips
Banana Weevil Borer
Bark Beetles
Barley Leaf Rust
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus
Basil Mosaic Virus
Bayoud Disease
Bean Anthracnose
Bean Aphid
Bean Beetles
Bean Common Mosaic Virus
Bean Fly
Bean Leaf Beetles
Bean Leafrollers
Bean Rust
Bean Seedling Blight
Bean Weevil
Bean White Mould
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus
Beet Armyworm
Beet Curly Top Virus
Beet Webworm
Beetles (General)
Bean Leafrollers
Bean Rust
Bean Seedling Blight
Bean Weevil
Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus
Beet Armyworm
Beet Curly Top Virus
Beet Webworm
Beetles (General)
Birds
Blackspot (Ascochyta Blight)
Blueberry Maggot Fly
Blueberry Scorch Virus
Blueberry Shock Virus
Blueberry Shoestring Virus
Botryosphaeria Canker and Blight (Blueberry Stem Blight)
Botrytis Bunch Rot
Botrytis Fruit Rot
Botrytis Leaf Blight
Botrytis Leaf Spot
Botrytis Neck Rot
Botrytis Rot
Brown Citrus Rust Mite
Brown Rot
Brown Spot Needle Blight
Bulb Mites
Cabbage Aphid
Cabbage Looper
Cabbage Maggot
Cabbage Webworms
Cabbage White Butterfly and Caterpillars
Cane Blight
Carrot Root Aphid
Carrot Rust Fly
Carrot Weevil
Caterpillars (Various Species)
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus
Cavity Spot
Celery Bacterial Blight
Celery Mosaic Virus
Cercospora Leaf Blight/Spot
Cereal Cyst Nematodes
Cereal Leaf Beetle
Charcoal Rot Fungus
Cherry Bark Tortrix
Cherry Black Fly
Cherry Fruit Fly
Cherry Fruitworm
Cherry Leaf Spot
Cherry Leafhopper
Cherry Leafrollers
Cherry Sawfly
Cherry Slug Sawfly
Cherry Twisted Leaf Gall
Cherry Tree Borers
Chocolate Spot Disease
Cilantro Downy Mildew
Citrus Aphids
Citrus Black Spot
Citrus Bud Mite
Citrus Canker
Citrus Cutworm
Citrus Fruit Fly
Citrus Fruitworm
Citrus Gall Wasp
Citrus Leafhopper
Citrus Leafminer
Citrus Mealybug
Citrus Nematodes
Citrus Psyllids
Citrus Red Mite
Citrus Root Rot
Citrus Root Weevil
Citrus Rust Mite
Citrus Scab
Citrus Thrips
Citrus Whiteflies
Clubroot
Codling Moth
Colorado Potato Beetle
Common Rust
Corn Borers
Corn Earworm
Corn Rootworms
Corn Rust
Corn Smut
Cranberry Black Vine Weevil
Cranberry Fruit Rot (Anthracnose)
Cranberry Girdler
Cranberry Scale Insects
Cranberry Weevil
Cranberry Whitefly
Crown Gall
Crown Rot
Crown Rust
Cucumber Beetle
Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
Cucumber Stunt Disease (Phytoplasma)
Cucumber Vein Yellowing Virus
Curvularia Leaf Spot
Cutworms
Cytospora Canker
Damping Off (seedling disease)
Date Fruit Fly
Date Mites
Date Palm Borers
Date Palm Weevil
Diamondback Moth
Dieback Diseases
Diplodia Ear Rot
Diplodia Tip Blight
Dothistroma Needle Blight
Downy Mildew
Dried Fruit Rot
Early Blight
Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer
European Apple Sawfly
European Earwig
European Pear Rust
Eutypa Dieback
Fall Armyworms
False Blossom Disease (Phytoplasma)
False Smut
Dried Fruit Rot
Early Blight
Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer
European Apple Sawfly
European Earwig
European Pear Rust
Eutypa Dieback
Fall Army worms
False Blossom Disease (Phytoplasma)
False Smut
Fig Beetle
Fig Borer Insects
Fig Eriophyid Mites
Fig Fruit Fly
Fig Mosaic Virus
Fig Rust
Filbertworm
Fire Blight
Flea Beetles
Fruit-Spoiling Fungi
Fruit-Sucking Insects
Fruit and Seed Predators
Fruit Fly
Fruitworms (Sparganothis and Cranberry fruitworms)
Fungal Leaf Blights
Fungal Leaf Diseases
Fungal Leaf Spots
Fungus Gnats
Fusarium Basal Rot
Fusarium Bulb Rot
Fusarium Crown and Root Rot
Fusarium Ear Rot
Fusarium Head Blight (Scab)
Fusarium Wilt
Gall-Forming Insects
Gall Mites
Galls
Garlic Bloat Nematode
Garlic Rust
Gibberella Ear Rot
Ginger Weevil
Goss's Wilt
Grain Mold Fungi
Grape Berry Moth
Grape Phylloxera
Grapevine Leafhopper
Grapevine Mealybugs
Grapevine Root Rot
Grapevine Rust
Grapevine Scale Insects
Grasshoppers
Gray Leaf Spot
Greasy Spot Disease
Green Fruitworm
Green Mould
Grey Mould
Gummy Stem Blight
Hazelnut Aphid
Hazelnut Weevils
Heart Rot
Hessian Fly
Late Blight
Leaf Beetles
Leaf Blotch Diseases
Leaf Curl
Leaf-Cutting Ants
Leaf-Eating Caterpillars
Leaf Miners
Leaf Spot Diseases
Leaf Spot Fungi
Leaf Spots (Early and Late Blight)
Leafhoppers
Leafroll Virus
Leafrollers
Leek Moth
Lophodermium Needle Cast
Lychee Erinose Mite
Lychee Webworm
Lucerne Flea
Macadamia Felted Coccid
Macadamia Lace Bug
Macadamia Webworm
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus
Mango Hopper
Mango Malformation Disease
Mango Weevil
Mealybug Wilt Virus
Mealybugs
Melanose
Mexican Bean Beetle
Mint Aphid
Mint Flea Beetle
Mint Leafhopper
Mint Root Rot
Mint Rust
Mites
Mummy Berry Disease
Mushroom Fly
Navel Orangeworm
Nectarine Fruit Borer
Neem Bark Beetle
Neem Fruit Fly
Neem Leaf Roller
Nematodes
Northern Corn Leaf Blight
Nut Borer Insects
Oat Smut
Olive Fruit Fly
Olive Knot Disease
Olive Lace Bug
Olive Leaf Spot
Olive Psyllid
Olive Scab
Onion Botrytis Neck Rot
Onion Leaf Blight
Onion Leaf Miner
Onion Maggots
Onion Neck Rot
Onion Rhizoctonia Rot
Onion Rust
Onion Smudge
Onion Smut
Onion Thrips
Onion White Rot
Onion Yellow Dwarf Virus (OYDV)
Oriental Fruit Moth
Panama Disease (Tropical Race )
Papaya Fruit Fly
Papaya Mealybug
Papaya Ringspot Virus (PRSV)
Passionfruit Brown Spot
Passionfruit Vine Hopper
Passionfruit Woodiness Virus (PWV)
Passionvine Mite
Pea Aphids
Pea Enation Mosaic Virus (PEMV)
Pea Leafminer
Pea Moth
Pea Weevil
Peach Fruit Fly
Peach Leaf Curl
Peach Leaf Curl Aphid
Peach Scab
Peach Tree Borer
Peacock Spot Disease
Pear Leaf Blister Mite
Pear Psylla
Pear Rust Mite
Pear Sawfly
Pear Scab
Pear Slug
Pear Thrips
Pecan Aphids
Pecan Casebearer Moths
Pecan Leaf Phylloxera
Pecan Nut Curculio
Pecan Phylloxera
Pecan Scab Fungus
Pecan Spider Mites
Pecan Twig Girdler
Pecan Weevil
Pepper Anthracnose
Pepper Leaf Curl Virus
Pepper Maggots
Pepper Mild Mottle Virus
Pepper Weevils
Pestalotiopsis Leaf Spot
Phylloxera
Physoderma Brown Spot
Phytophthora Blight (Root Rot)
Phytophthora Crown Rot
Phytoplasma Diseases
Pine Needle Scale
Pine Rusts
Pine Sawflies
Pine Shoot Beetle
Pine Tip Moths
Pine Weevils
Pineapple Aphids
Pineapple Bacterial Wilt
Pineapple Fungal Diseases
Pineapple Mealybugs
Pineapple Mosaic Virus
Pink Root Disease
Pink Rot
Pistachio Twig Borer
Pitch Canker
Plum Curculio
Plum Fruitworms
Plum Leaf Spot Diseases
Plum Moth
Plum Pox Virus (PPV)
Plum Sawflies
Pomegranate Butterfly
Pomegranate Crown Gall
Pomegranate Fruit Fly
Pomegranate Mealybugs
Potato Cyst Nematodes
Potato Leafhopper
Potato Tuber Moth
Potato Wart Disease
Powdery Mildew
Pseudomonas Bacterial Blight
Purple Blotch
Pythium Diseases
Pythium Root Rot
Quince Moth
Raspberry Beetle
Raspberry Bushy Dwarf Virus (RBDV)
Raspberry Cane Borer
Raspberry Crown Borer
Raspberry Fruitworm
Raspberry Leaf Curl
Raspberry Sawfly
Raspberry Yellow Dwarf Virus (RYDV)
Rats and Mice
Redlegged Earth Mite
Red-shouldered Leafhopper
Red Palm Weevil
Red Rust Disease
Rhizoctonia Crown Rot
Rhizoctonia Root Rot
Rhizome Rot
Rhizome Rot Fungi
Rhizome Scale Insects
Rice Blast
Rice Brown Planthopper
Rice Gall Midge
Rice Grassy Stunt Virus
Rice Green Leafhopper
Rice Hispa
Rice Leafhoppers
Rice Stem Borers
Rice Transplantation Bug
Rice Tungro Virus
Rice Water Weevil
Rice Whorl Maggot
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus
Root Aphids
Root Knot Nematodes
Root Maggots
Root Rot
Rosemary Leaf Beetle
Rust
San Jose Scale
Scab
Scale Insects
Scarab Beetle Larvae (White Grubs)
Sclerotinia
Seedcorn or Cabbage Maggot
Seed Predators
Seedling Diseases
Septoria Leaf Spot
Serpentine Leaf Miner
Sheath Blight
Shoot Fly
Shot Hole Borer
Shot Hole Disease
Sirex Woodwasp
Slugs and Snails
Smut
Sooty Mold
Sorghum Downy Mildew
Sorghum Head Smut
Sorghum Midge
Southern Blight
Southern Corn Leaf Blight
Spider Mites
Spinach Blight
Spittlebugs
Spore Contaminants
Spotted Wing Drosophila
Squash Bug
Squash Leaf Curl Virus
Squash Vine Borer
Stem and Bulb Nematodes
Stem Borer
Stem Canker
Stem Rot
Stem Rust
Stemborers
Stenopelmatus
Stewart's Wilt
Stink Bugs
Strawberry Leafrollers
Strawberry Root Weevils
Stripe Rust
Suckers and Offshoots (for Soilborne Pathogens)
Sucking Bugs
Sugarcane Aphids
Sunflower Beetles
Sunflower Head Moth
Sunflower Moths
Sunflower Rust
Sunscald
Sweet Potato Flea Beetles
Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus
Sweet Potato Mites
Sweet Potato Scab
Sweet Potato Weevils
Termites
Thrips
Thyme Rust
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Tomato Fruitworms
Tomato Hornworms
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus
Trichoderma
Vegetable Leaf Miner
Verticillium Wilt
Vine Borers
Vine Mealybugs
Viral Diseases/Viruses
Walnut Anthracnose
Walnut Aphelenchoides Nematodes
Walnut Aphids
Walnut Bacterial Blight
Walnut Bacterial Leaf Spot
Walnut Blight
Walnut Botryosphaeria Canker
Walnut Caterpillars
Walnut Crown Gall
Walnut Downy Mildew
Walnut Fusicoccum Canker
Walnut Husk Fly
Walnut Leafrollers
Walnut Root Aphids
Walnut Scale Insects
Walnut Spider Mites
Walnut Twig Beetle and Thousand Cankers Disease
Walnut Webworms
Walnut Weevils and Thousand Cankers Disease
Weeds
Western Flower Thrips
Wheat Curl Mites
Wheat Stem Sawfly
White Mold (Sclerotinia)
White Pine Blister Rust
White Rot Fungi
White Rust
Wireworms
Yeasts
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus

Section II – Your Front-Line Troops
Constant Observation and Prompt Response
Chemical Pesticides
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Organic/Biodynamic Handlings for Antagonists
White Oil